The module consists of interconnected and encapsulated solar cells in a durable and environmentally protected package. A cut-away view is shown in the figure below. The encapsulation system incorporates the latest developments proven by the U.S. Department of Energy program. Tempered low-iron glass is normally used for
the front cover (or superstrate) to provide permanently transparent protection for the optical surface of the module. However, other types of glass, such as window glass, may be used. The remainder of the laminate consists of clear ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulant, the cell circuit, a second layer of EVA, a fiberglass sheet, and a
back cover (Tedlar, Glass or Metal).

EVA, which is supplied in sheet form, is both a transparent soft encapsulant and an adhesive for bonding the layers together. The lamination process, using the is designed to thoroughly remove air from between all layers. The fiberglass mat protects the back cover film from damage which can be caused by the back side of the cell circuit during the module's lifetime. When the EVA encapsulant is heated for lamination, it melts and impregnates the fiberglass. This provides a strong bond extending from the cell backs, through the fiberglass, to the back cover.

The module edges, where the back cover film meets the glass, are protected by a gasket. This edge gasket cushions the glass panel in the module frame to prevent degradation of the edge by daily thermal cycling.

Electrical output leads are brought through the encapsulant and back cover. The leads go to a junction box mounted on the back of the module. Weather-tight wire connections are made at the junction box.

Followed is our four different types of the solar module.